Orecchiette with Broccoli Rabe is a classic Puglian pasta dish that perfectly embodies the simplicity and flavor of Italian cuisine. The name "orecchiette" means "little ears" in Italian, referring to the pasta's distinctive concave shape that's ideal for catching the sauce and small pieces of vegetables.

This dish originated in Puglia, the "heel" of Italy's boot, where both orecchiette pasta and broccoli rabe (also known as rapini) have been staples for centuries. The pasta was traditionally made by local women who would sit outside their homes, skillfully shaping each piece by hand using their thumbs.

The preparation is beautifully straightforward - blanched broccoli rabe is sautéed with garlic and red pepper flakes in olive oil until tender but still slightly crisp. The slight bitterness of the broccoli rabe is balanced perfectly by the garlic and the heat from the red pepper flakes. When combined with the al dente orecchiette, the dish becomes a harmonious blend of textures and flavors.

While the traditional recipe is relatively fixed, some variations include adding anchovies for extra umami, toasted breadcrumbs for texture, or Italian sausage for a heartier meal. Some regions also make it with regular broccoli or other bitter greens when broccoli rabe isn't available.

In Puglia, this dish is typically served as a primo piatto (first course) and is often enjoyed for Sunday lunch with family. It's traditionally finished with a generous sprinkle of pecorino cheese, though some prefer Parmigiano-Reggiano.

From a nutritional perspective, this dish offers a well-balanced meal. The broccoli rabe is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as minerals like iron and calcium. The pasta provides carbohydrates for energy, while the olive oil offers healthy fats. One serving contains approximately 350-400 calories. While the dish contains gluten from the pasta, it can easily be made dairy-free by omitting the cheese. The bitter notes from the broccoli rabe can be an acquired taste for some, but they're believed to aid in digestion and liver function.