Three Cup Chicken (三杯雞) is a quintessential Taiwanese dish that gets its name from the three key ingredients used in equal portions: soy sauce, rice wine, and sesame oil. This aromatic dish features tender pieces of chicken braised in this flavorful sauce, along with generous amounts of garlic, ginger, and fresh Thai basil leaves that give it its signature taste and aroma.

The dish's origins can be traced back to the Song Dynasty in China, where it was reportedly created by Wen Tianxiang, a scholar who wanted to honor a prison guard who treated him kindly. The guard had limited ingredients but managed to create this delicious dish using just three key components. When Chinese immigrants brought this recipe to Taiwan, it evolved into the beloved dish we know today.

The preparation of Three Cup Chicken is a beautiful demonstration of simplicity in cooking. Traditionally cooked in a clay pot, the process begins by heating sesame oil until fragrant, then sautéing ginger and garlic until golden. Chicken pieces are added and seared until they develop a beautiful brown color. The three "cups" of liquids are then added, though modern recipes typically use smaller, proportional amounts. The dish is finished with a generous handful of Thai basil leaves, which wilt into the sauce and release their aromatic oils.

While the classic recipe remains popular, many variations exist. Some cooks add dried red chilies for heat, while others include mushrooms or other vegetables. The choice of chicken parts can vary too - while some prefer bone-in pieces for more flavor, others use boneless thighs for convenience. The sauce can be adjusted to be more or less sweet or salty according to personal preference.

In Taiwan, Three Cup Chicken is typically served in the same clay pot it's cooked in, bubbling hot and fragrant. It's usually enjoyed family-style as part of a larger meal, accompanied by steamed rice to soak up the delicious sauce. The dish is particularly popular in night markets and casual restaurants, where the sizzling sound and aromatic smell often draw customers in.

From a nutritional perspective, Three Cup Chicken is relatively high in protein and contains beneficial compounds from the garlic, ginger, and basil. However, due to the generous use of oils and sauces, it can be high in sodium and calories, with a typical serving containing around 400-500 calories. Those watching their sodium intake might want to request less sauce or enjoy it in moderation. The dish is naturally gluten-free if traditional ingredients are used, though some restaurants might use soy sauces containing wheat, so it's worth checking if you have gluten sensitivity.