Samsa is a beloved Uzbek pastry that features a flaky, golden-brown exterior encasing a savory filling of minced meat, onions, and aromatic spices. These triangular or square-shaped pastries are similar to Indian samosas but have their own distinct Central Asian character, particularly in the choice of spices and preparation method.

The origins of samsa can be traced back to the ancient trade routes of the Silk Road, where travelers and merchants needed portable, filling foods. The dish likely originated from the broader family of stuffed pastries found across Asia, from Chinese baozi to Indian samosas. In Uzbekistan, samsa is traditionally baked in a tandoor (clay oven), which gives them their characteristic crispy exterior and perfectly cooked filling.

Making samsa is an art that requires patience and skill. The dough is made from flour, butter, and water, rolled thin, and layered with fat to create the signature flaky texture. The filling typically consists of minced lamb mixed with diced onions, black pepper, cumin, and salt. Some variations include adding rendered lamb fat or tail fat (kurdyuk) to make the filling juicier. The dough is carefully wrapped around the filling and shaped into triangles or squares, then brushed with egg wash before baking.

While lamb is the traditional filling, modern variations include beef, chicken, or even pumpkin for vegetarian options. Some regions add different spices or ingredients like black cumin seeds, chopped herbs, or even cheese. The size can also vary from small, bite-sized pieces perfect for appetizers to larger ones that can serve as a meal.

In Uzbekistan, samsa is enjoyed throughout the day - as a quick breakfast, a satisfying lunch, or a snack with tea. They're particularly popular during celebrations and festivals, and you'll often find them being sold by street vendors near markets and busy areas. They're typically served hot and can be accompanied by fresh herbs, sliced onions, or a side of tomato sauce.

From a nutritional standpoint, samsa is quite caloric due to its buttery pastry and meat filling, with one piece containing approximately 250-300 calories. The pastry is high in fats and carbohydrates, while the meat filling provides protein. Those with gluten sensitivities should note that the pastry contains wheat flour. When enjoyed in moderation, samsa can be part of a balanced diet, providing energy and satisfaction with its rich, savory flavors.