Split pea soup, known in Quebec as "Soupe aux pois," is a hearty and comforting dish that has been warming Canadians for generations. This thick, rich soup is made with yellow split peas, chunks of ham, and vegetables, creating a satisfying meal that's especially welcome during the cold Canadian winters.

The history of split pea soup in Canada dates back to the early French settlers in Quebec. French Canadian habitants (farmers) would make large batches of this soup during the harsh winters, as dried peas could be stored for long periods and ham was readily available from fall pig slaughtering. The soup became such a staple that it earned the nickname "habitant soup," and today it remains an important part of Quebec's culinary heritage.

Making traditional split pea soup is relatively straightforward but requires patience. The yellow split peas are simmered with a ham hock or bone, onions, carrots, and celery until the peas break down completely, creating a naturally thick and creamy texture. Bay leaves and other herbs like thyme are often added for extra flavor. The soup typically cooks for about two hours, allowing the flavors to meld and the peas to soften completely.

While the basic recipe remains consistent across Canada, there are regional variations. Some cooks add diced potatoes for extra heartiness, while others might include turnips or parsnips. In some households, the soup is pureed until completely smooth, while others prefer it slightly chunky. Some modern versions even offer a vegetarian alternative, replacing the ham with smoked paprika or liquid smoke to maintain that characteristic smoky flavor.

In Quebec, split pea soup is often served as a starter but can also be a main course when paired with crusty bread or rolls. It's a popular choice in sugar shacks (cabanes à sucre) during maple syrup season and is frequently found on diner menus across the country. The soup is often made in large batches as it freezes well and tastes even better the next day.

From a nutritional standpoint, split pea soup is quite healthy. Split peas are high in fiber and protein, making this soup both filling and nutritious. A typical bowl contains about 200-250 calories, depending on the amount of ham used. The soup is naturally gluten-free and can be made dairy-free. However, those watching their sodium intake should be mindful, as ham can contribute significant salt content. For those with dietary restrictions, the soup can easily be adapted to vegetarian or vegan diets by omitting the ham and using vegetable broth as the base.